Ciulla Clinical Chemistry Practice Test

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• In serum protein electrophoresis, when a buffer solution of pH 8.6 is used, which of the following characterizes the proteins?
• The Trinder colorimetric reaction is widely used for determining which analyte?
• Which analytical method is most commonly used to measure vitamins?
• In maternal serum, alpha-fetoprotein is not elevated in which condition?
• What technique differentiates among several amino acids?
• Which biomarker is routinely used to confirm pregnancy?
• Growth hormone affects which metabolic pathways?
• In an electrolytic cell, which of the following is the half-cell where reduction takes place?
• Which glucose method is considered to be the reference method?
• Which hormone is not secreted by the placenta?
• The Hollander insulin test is used to confirm which condition?
• Which hormone’s elevated blood level is characteristic of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome?
• Which vitamin deficiency is linked to hemorrhagic disease and involves clotting pathways?
• In renal impairment indicated by elevated creatinine, which accompanying laboratory value is commonly elevated?
• In biliary obstruction, which laboratory result is typically decreased?
• In complete obstruction of the common bile duct, which urinary finding is typical?
• The turbid, or milky, appearance of serum after fat ingestion is termed postprandial lipemia, which is caused by the presence of what substance?
• Dehydration has what effect on serum albumin levels?
• In viral hepatitis, which enzyme is typically more elevated?
• As a screening test for Cushing syndrome, the physician wishes to see whether a patient exhibits normal diurnal rhythm in his or her cortisol secretion. At what time should the specimens be drawn for plasma cortisol determination?
• NT-proBNP measurement is specifically used in patients undergoing which therapy?
• Cerebrospinal fluid glucose is typically approximately what percentage of plasma glucose?
• Which of the following statements is false about anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV)?
• Which of the following represents a primary advantage of performing fluorometric over absorption spectroscopic methods of analysis?
• The bandpass of a spectrophotometer is 10 nm. If a setting is at 540 nm, the wavelengths permitted to impinge on the sample fall within which range?
• Bence Jones proteinuria involves urinary excretion of light chains from which type(s) of light chains?
• Which of the following is used in the treatment of manic depression?
• What does hydrolysis of sucrose yield?
• Which organ is most at risk of injury from acetaminophen overdose?
• Which of the following is false about myoglobin as it relates to acute myocardial infarction (AMI)?
• Which of the following tissues does not secrete steroid hormones?
• In TLC, if origin to spot is 60 mm and origin to solvent front is 150 mm, what is the Rf value?
• Which lipid test is least affected by fasting status?
• What is the immediate precursor of bilirubin formation?
• Which compound chelates iron and is the immediate precursor of heme formation?
• In acute diabetic ketoacidosis, which of the following laboratory findings would be expected?
• Which buffer system is most predominant in the body?
• Lactate dehydrogenase belongs to which class of enzymes?
• Which of the following is not associated with potassium?
• Singlet oxygen reacting with a precursor chemiluminescent compound to energize a fluorophore describes which assay?
• Which test is commonly used to monitor treatment of colon cancer?
• Chlorpromazine is an example of which drug class?
• If HDL precipitation does not yield a clear supernatant in a lipemic sample, which action is recommended?
• Which statement about gamma-glutamyltransferase is false?
• In which disorder would an increased percent saturation of transferrin be expected?
• In a child with suspected Reye syndrome, which laboratory finding would be not consistent with the diagnosis?
• The principal active component of which drug is THC?
• Which marker is used to predict imminent preterm labor by detecting a membrane-associated protein in the cervix?
• Which of the following is characteristic of hemolytic jaundice?
• In primary hyperparathyroidism, which calcium-phosphate pattern best fits the laboratory findings?
• In primary adrenal insufficiency, cortisol response to ACTH stimulation is best described as?
• Diabetes insipidus is associated with depressed secretion of which hormone?
• Which two findings are most informative for detecting isopropanol exposure?
• An increase in serum enzyme levels is most directly indicative of which condition?
• Which reagent is not utilized in a coupled enzymatic method to quantify serum creatinine?
• During parathyroid surgery for adenoma, which statement about PTH values is not correct?
• Primary aldosteronism results from a tumor of the adrenal cortex. How would the extracellular fluid be affected?
• Which enzyme activity can be determined using a dilute olive oil emulsion substrate, whose hydrolyzed product is monitored as a decrease in turbidity or light scatter?
• In spectrophotometer quality assurance checks, holmium oxide glass filter is used to assess which parameter?
• When mixed with phosphotungstic acid, which compound causes reduction to a tungsten blue complex?
• In EMIT, the enzyme is coupled to which molecule?
• To achieve the best levels of sensitivity and specificity, gas chromatography should be coupled to which detector system?
• Which statement is true regarding the relationship between cholesterol and estrogen biosynthesis?
• What is the anticoagulant of choice for blood gas analysis?
• In the cholesterol oxidase-peroxidase method, cholesterol oxidase reacts with which form?
• For a drug to elicit a pharmacologic response, it must be in which form?
• Because of similar electrophoretic mobilities, several hemoglobins cannot be differentiated on cellulose acetate medium. Electrophoresis of hemoglobins at pH 6.2 on agar gel may be useful in differentiating which hemoglobins?
• Which statement correctly relates to Kjeldahl–based total protein determination?
• What are the principles of operation for a chloride analyzer that generates silver ions as part of its reaction mechanism?
• Which of the following carbohydrates is a polysaccharide?
• Which of the following is not a characteristic of Dubin-Johnson syndrome?
• What is the end product of purine catabolism in humans?
• Increased trough levels of aminoglycosides are often associated with toxic effects to which organ?
• In suspected Graves disease, which laboratory profile would you expect for FT4, THBR, and TSH?
• Which enzyme rises earliest following a myocardial infarction?
• What substance is the precursor to all steroid hormones?
• The colon-handled oxidation of urobilinogen by microorganisms yields which breakdown product?
• Which molecule acts as the selective carrier for potassium ions in some ion-selective membranes?
• Given distance data on a TLC plate, calculate the Rf of the compound: origin to spot 48 mm; spot to solvent front 93 mm; origin to solvent front 141 mm.
• Which reagent is used in a colorimetric method to quantify serum calcium?
• Which class is most associated with the membrane structure of nerve tissue?
• When alkaline phosphatase is markedly elevated with a normal gamma-glutamyltransferase, the source is most likely bone rather than liver. Which condition fits this pattern?
• Which test, if elevated, would provide information about risk for developing coronary artery disease?
• For which laboratory instruments should preventive maintenance procedures be performed and recorded?
• Which fetal protein is commonly used as a marker for neural tube defects due to elevated levels in amniotic fluid?
• Which of the following is the most potent androgen?
• What is the normal renal threshold of sodium (measured in millimoles per liter)?
• The presence of very high titers of antithyroglobulin antibodies and antithyroid peroxidase antibodies is highly suggestive of which disorder?
• Which of the following statements is true about partially compensated respiratory alkalosis?
• What is the principle of the direct HDL cholesterol automated method, which requires no intervention by the laboratorian?
• Which statement about fluorescence polarization is true?
• A 60-year-old woman with elevated ionized calcium, decreased serum inorganic phosphate, and elevated urine calcium and phosphate is most consistent with which diagnosis?
• Which component is not a part of the Biuret reagent system?
• Historically, which prostate cancer biomarker has been largely replaced by PSA measurement?
• Ingestion of which of the following drugs may cause hypoglycemia?
• Which enzyme class does alkaline phosphatase belong to?
• Which of the following is not quantified in the triple test for Down syndrome?
• Which statement best describes base excess?
• A scintillation counter detects radiation by converting energy into light that is detected by what component?
• What is a classic stool finding in complete obstruction of the common bile duct?
• Which disorder can be classified as a form of prehepatic jaundice?
• Name a commonly used precipitating reagent to separate HDL cholesterol from other lipoprotein cholesterol fractions.
• Which LD isoenzymes are labile in the cold?
• Which assay is described as a homogeneous enzyme immunoassay?
• Which condition is characterized by an elevation of total bilirubin primarily due to an increase in the conjugated bilirubin fraction?
• A high urine uric acid level (1575 mg/day) affects urine glucose measurement by the glucose oxidase/peroxidase method in which way?
• In order to maintain electrical neutrality in the red blood cell, bicarbonate leaves the red blood cell and enters the plasma through an exchange mechanism with what electrolyte?
• In acute pancreatitis, a significant increase in which serum enzyme would be expected diagnostically?
• Which organ is primarily responsible for processing bilirubin produced from red blood cell breakdown?
• Which immunoglobulin class is the structurally simplest among the options?
• Which set of measurements is typically included in a routine lipid profile?
• CA 19-9 is a sialylated Lewis antigen associated with which cancer type?
• An OGTT yields fasting serum glucose 124 mg/dL and 2-hour postload glucose 227 mg/dL. This result is diagnostic of which state?
• In evaluating a pattern suggestive of cholestasis, which statement best distinguishes the bone versus liver source?
• Indirect-reacting bilirubin may be quantified initially in which reagent?
• Which autoantibody binds to TSH receptor sites on thyroid cell membranes and prevents TSH from binding?
• Which metabolite may be classified as a ketone body?
• Glycated hemoglobin is used to assess average plasma glucose over approximately how many months?
• Why must a photomultiplier tube be shielded from stray light?
• Fluorometers are designed so that the path of the exciting light is at a right angle to the path of the emitted light. What is the purpose of this design?
• If a blood gas specimen is left exposed to air, which changes will occur?
• In a single-beam atomic absorption spectrophotometer, what is the instrument actually measuring?
• Which compound normally found in urine is used to assess the completeness of a 24-hour urine collection?
• Which statement best describes chemiluminescence?
• Free ionized calcium represents approximately what percent of total serum calcium?
• The Kjeldahl technique determines serum total protein by quantifying which element?
• Checking instrument calibration, temperature accuracy, and electronic parameters are part of
• Which of the following is not a problem inherent in turbidimetry?
• EMIT stands for which phrase in immunoassay terminology?
• Which method oxidizes bilirubin to colorless biliverdin?
• Exogenous triglycerides are transported in plasma in what form?
• Given a rate reaction for alanine aminotransferase, which value would represent the activity of a serum specimen in international units per liter (IU/L)?
• Which of the following disorders is not associated with an elevation of serum creatine kinase?
• Which finding would least support a diagnosis of neuroblastoma?
• What is the active metabolite of the antiarrhythmic drug procainamide?
• In fasting physiology, plasma glucose is higher than whole-blood glucose. Which option best describes this relationship?
• When a blood ammonia determination is performed, the blood specimen must be treated in a manner that will ensure that
• In acute diabetic ketoacidosis, which trio best describes fasting glucose, pH, and ketone bodies?
• Which mediator is primarily responsible for the growth-promoting effects of growth hormone?
• A serum creatinine was found to be 6.0 mg/dL. Which of the following urea nitrogen serum results would support the same pathological condition?
• Plasma renin activity measurements are usually made by measuring which of the following using immunoassay?
• Hashimoto thyroiditis is strongly associated with antibodies to which substances?
• PSA is primarily a tumor marker for which cancer?
• Which of the following defines the term glycolysis?
• Which method is named after the developers Jendrassik and Grof for bilirubin quantification?
• Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of groups between compounds belong to which class?
• Which statement about serum albumin in healthy individuals is true?
• When a blood gas specimen is left exposed to air, which change occurs in PO2?
• In an acute myocardial infarction, which sequence correctly lists the first to last appearance of elevated enzymes: AST, CK, and LD?
• In luminescent immunoassays like LOCI, the energy that energizes the fluorophore is derived from which type of energy?
• Which disorder is characterized by inability to transport bilirubin from the sinusoidal membrane into the hepatocyte?
• In EMIT, the enzyme activity is associated with reaction involving which form of antigen?
• Which test may be performed to assess the average plasma glucose level that an individual maintained during a previous 2- to 3-month period?
• The surfactant/albumin ratio by fluorescence polarization is performed to assess what physiological state?
• In prehepatic jaundice due to acute hemolytic anemia, which bilirubin fraction is elevated?
• In high-performance liquid chromatography, which elution technique may be used?
• Which substance is not commonly used as a support medium for serum protein electrophoresis?
• Which of the following is an example of a phenothiazine drug?
• Which of the following is not associated with insulin?
• Measurement of tubular reabsorption of phosphate is most useful in diagnosing diseases affecting which gland?
• The postprandial lipemia is caused by the presence of which particle?
• Which of the following does not have an effect on plasma calcium levels?
• Which statement best describes the relationship between ammonia and urea in blood detoxification?
• Laboratory tests are performed on a postmenopausal, 57-year-old female as part of an annual physical examination. The patient's casual plasma glucose is 220 mg/dL, and the glycated hemoglobin (Hb A1C) is 11%. Based on this information, how should the patient be classified?
• Benzoylecgonine is a urinary metabolite used to indicate exposure to which drug?
• The organ responsible for releasing hormones that regulate the anterior pituitary is:
• In the LDL calculation example, triglycerides were 200 mg/dL. What is TG divided by 5?
• What term describes the accumulation of bilirubin in the skin?
• Which of the following statements best describes electrophoresis?
• In a chromatographic system in which the stationary phase is a liquid layer adsorbed on packing and the mobile phase is a gas, which system is being described?
• Nephelometry measurements are most directly influenced by which property of particles in suspension?
• Detection of urinary benzoylecgonine indicates exposure to which drug?
• Nortriptyline is the active metabolite of which of the following drugs?
• Which bilirubin fraction is unconjugated and covalently bound to albumin?
• Which enzyme would not be useful to quantify in assessing liver function?
• The measurement of CO2 in blood by means of a PCO2 electrode is dependent on the
• As a reduction product of bilirubin catabolism, which compound is partially reabsorbed from the intestine via the portal circulation for reexcretion by the liver?
• Which statement best describes the practical advantage of the direct HDL cholesterol method over precipitation-based methods?
• A 48-year-old man has total PSA 3.1 ng/mL and free PSA 0.3 ng/mL. What does this suggest?
• Which test would be particularly useful in determining isopropanol exposure?
• Which electrophoretic technique employs a pH gradient to separate molecules with similar isoelectric points?
• Portal cirrhosis on electrophoretic serum protein pattern shows which predominant feature?
• Which reagent forms a colored complex with calcium in the calcium colorimetric assay?
• What effect would be expected when the secretion of epinephrine is stimulated by physical or emotional stress?
• Which serum component is able to alter the free drug level in plasma?
• Which statement correctly describes alkaline phosphatase?
• In the diacetyl method, diacetyl reacts with which to form a yellow product?
• Secondary hyperparathyroidism is most often the result of which condition?
• Bile acids that are synthesized in the liver are derived from what substance?
• Which of the following statements applies to the preferred use of plasma or serum, rather than whole blood, for glucose determination?
• Which of the following questions correctly reflects a concept from the immunoassay content?
• What effect would a low-salt diet, upright position, and diuretics have on the following test results?
• Which disorder is characterized by increased chloride in sweat?
• Which condition would show predominance of conjugated bilirubin in serum?
• The presence of only slightly visible hemolysis will significantly increase the serum level of which electrolyte?
• The bicarbonate ion concentration may be calculated from the total CO2 and PCO2 blood levels by using which formula?
• Base excess positive values most closely indicate which condition?
• Bile acids are synthesized in the liver from which precursor?
• What is the purpose of ampholytes in isoelectric focusing?
• In gout, which analyte deposits in joints and other body tissues?
• Which condition is most likely to produce a falsely elevated serum phosphate due to a hemolyzed specimen?
• Exposure to organophosphate insecticides inhibits which serum enzyme?
• Which of the following is not associated with the assessment of an acute myocardial infarction?
• In suspected primary myxedema, which laboratory pattern would you expect for FT4, THBR, and TSH?
• In hepatoma, which protein not normally found in adult serum is synthesized by liver cells?
• What is the primary storage form of iron?
• Which pattern describes a dual acid-base disorder?
• Which of the following is not characteristic of severe hyperglycemia?
• Kernicterus involves bilirubin accumulation in which tissue?
• In osmometry, COP stands for which term?
• What is the primary laboratory measure used to assess iron stores in the body?
• After onset of acute myocardial infarction, troponin I first exceeds the reference range within which time frame?
• Which preanalytic factor can cause an erroneous elevation of serum inorganic phosphate results?
• In iron-deficiency anemia, which pattern is observed: serum iron and transferrin saturation are typically?
• To maintain a pH of 7.4 in plasma, it is necessary to maintain a ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid of approximately:
• What is the glucose concentration in fasting whole blood?
• Which hormone is primarily responsible for raising blood glucose during acute stress?
• Which laboratory technique is widely used to quantify immunoglobulin classes?
• Lack of suppression with both low- and high-dose dexamethasone in a hypercortisolism workup most strongly suggests a source of cortisol excess from which origin?
• To recognize ovulation from serial progesterone assays, which pattern is observed?
• Which vitamin is designated by the name cyanocobalamin?
• Which immunoglobulin class is able to cross the placenta from the mother to the fetus?
• Which compounds condense to form aminolevulinic acid?
• Which type of photodetector employs a linear arrangement that allows it to respond to a specific wavelength resulting in complete UV/visible spectrum analysis?
• Which glucose method catalyzes the phosphorylation of glucose by ATP, forming glucose-6-phosphate and adenosine diphosphate with the absorbance of the NADPH product read at 340 nm?
• Cholesterol esters are formed by esterifying cholesterol with fatty acids. Which molecule serves as that fatty acid donor?
• Which statement is false regarding ion-selective electrode analysis of sodium?
• Proteins denature under certain conditions and denaturation primarily alters which level of structure?
• Which protein is normally produced by the fetus but is found increased in amniotic fluid in cases of spina bifida?
• Serum ferritin levels may not be a useful indicator of iron-deficiency anemia in patients with which conditions?
• The VLDL fraction primarily transports which substance?
• Which statement best describes the effect of increasing the bandpass width on spectral resolution?
• When a pH-sensitive glass electrode is not actively in use, in what type of solution should it be kept?
• Beriberi is caused by deficiency of which vitamin?
• Which barbiturate is considered long-acting?
• What is the major active metabolite of the anticonvulsant drug primidone?
• Which constituent normally present in serum must be eliminated to avoid interference with serum magnesium measurement?
• During pregnancy in the second trimester, hCG levels ________ and progesterone and estriol levels __________
• Which dye is commonly used to stain proteins on membranes to assess transfer quality?
• Which hormone would be elevated in the blood in medullary carcinoma of the thyroid?
• A 4-year-old obese boy with known type 1 diabetes has a 12-hour fast and turbid serum with a lipid panel showing total cholesterol 250 mg/dL, HDL 32 mg/dL, and triglycerides 395 mg/dL. Which explanation fits these findings best?
• Which of the following conditions is not associated with hyponatremia?
• Bence Jones proteinuria is characterized by the urinary excretion of what type of light chain?
• In the Biuret reaction for protein quantification, the color intensity depends on which characteristic?
• Which of the following will not contribute to the integrity of a urine specimen when performing multiple porphyrin assays?
• In reflectance spectrophotometry using a dry reagent slide, which statement is true?
• At what point in the menstrual cycle do gonadotropin levels peak?
• Nephelometry is based on the measurement of light that is:
• From the patient lipoprotein data, which parameter is within guideline target (<130 mg/dL) for LDL cholesterol?
• Which electrophoresis method yields discrete bands rather than a continuous gradient?
• Which condition will cause a rightward shift of the oxygen dissociation curve, decreasing hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen?
• Given a total cholesterol of 300 mg/dL, HDL of 50 mg/dL, and triglycerides of 200 mg/dL, what is the calculated LDL cholesterol?
• Which of the following compounds is not a precursor of the estrogens?
• In quantifying glucose using an amperometric glucose electrode system, which of the following is not a component of the system?
• In suspected neuroblastoma, which urinary metabolite would be elevated?
• Which of the following statements describes a handling step that is not required for ammonia analysis?
• Lactate dehydrogenase requires which cofactor for its catalytic action?
• An endogenous substance used to assess glomerular filtration rate is described as filtered by the glomeruli, not reabsorbed by the tubules, and only secreted when plasma levels are elevated. Which substance is this?
• Which glucose method can employ a polarographic oxygen electrode?
• Which pattern best characterizes iron-deficiency anemia?
• Which element distinguishes proteins from carbohydrates and lipids?
• Which vitamin deficiency is associated with scurvy?
• In an OGTT interpretation, what value combination indicates diabetes mellitus?
• A pattern of liver enzymes most consistent with obstructive biliary disease would show which of the following?
• Which statement does not accurately describe properties associated with lactate dehydrogenase?
• Which statement correctly identifies the storage location of thyroid hormones within the thyroid follicle?
• Which colorimetric method is widely used for salicylate determination?
• Which of the following is a qualitative screening test for porphobilinogen to aid in porphyrias diagnosis?
• Which statement about the enzymatic assay for ammonia is true?
• After absorption, codeine is rapidly metabolized to what compound?
• Anticoagulated whole blood is the preferred specimen in determining exposure to which compound?
• Which statement can be associated with the enzymatic assay of ammonia?
• Which of the following is a spectrophotometric method for quantifying serum chloride?
• A 42-year-old woman presents with abdominal pain and yellowing eyes. Laboratory results show high total bilirubin with direct bilirubin elevated, markedly increased alkaline phosphatase, and decreased urine urobilinogen. What diagnosis is most supported?
• When measuring K+ with an ion-selective electrode by means of a liquid ion-exchange membrane, what antibiotic will be incorporated into the membrane?
• Which of the following is described as a variant form of LDL associated with increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease?
• Which carbohydrate is a storage polysaccharide used by plants?
• A patient has a urine uric acid level of 1575 mg/day. What effect will this have on the measured urine glucose level when the glucose oxidase/peroxidase method is employed?
• Which detector type converts light directly into an electrical signal without an amplification stage?
• Which of the following techniques is more commonly used to measure vitamins?
• Ion-selective electrode analysis of sodium typically uses which type of membrane?
• Intraoperative monitoring of parathyroid hormone during adenoma removal: a post-excision value that does not decrease relative to the second baseline most likely indicates?
• At the isoelectric point, a protein has what net charge?
• Which chromatography system uses a stationary phase that is liquid absorbed on particles packed in a column and a liquid moving phase pumped through a column?
• The diazo reaction used for bilirubin quantification includes which of the following components?
• When is a blood sample for determination of the trough level of a drug appropriately drawn?
• What compound serves as a crucial intermediary in the metabolism of triglycerides to form energy?
• In a patient suspected of having pheochromocytoma, measurement of which metabolite would be most useful?
• Which statement about carcinoembryonic antigen is not true?
• Creatine kinase typically rises within how many hours after an acute myocardial infarction?
• Alpha-fetoprotein is not elevated in which condition?
• In the hexokinase-based glucose assay, which cofactor is reduced to NADPH?
• If an analytical instrument is operated 5°C cooler than the prescribed temperature for a method, how will the results generally appear?
• Which combination of urinary and fecal findings is most typical of acute hepatitis?
• Steatorrhea is caused by an abnormal accumulation of which substance in the feces?
• Which enzyme catalyzes the transfer of amino groups causing the interconversion of amino acids and alpha-oxoacids?
• Which statement best describes insulin synthesis?
• Approximately how many half-life periods are required for a serum drug concentration to reach 97-99% of the steady state?
• Which statement correctly describes the relationship between transferrin saturation and iron deficiency?
• Which of the following is not associated with vitamin B12?
• A patient presents with Addison disease. Serum sodium and potassium analyses are performed. What would the results reveal?
• Delta bilirubin is described as which of the following statements?
• Which disorder is associated with thiamin deficiency?
• If elevated, which laboratory test would support a diagnosis of congestive heart failure?
• Which vitamin is known as riboflavin?
• What is the major carrier protein of thyroid hormones in the blood?
• Trough drug levels are best described as which of the following statements?
• In amperometric glucose sensors, which species is oxidized at the electrode to generate the current signal?
• Why are total thyroxine (T4) levels increased in pregnant women and in women taking oral contraceptives?
• Chloride is measured in which specimens?
• An elevated level of which hormone will inhibit pituitary secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)?
• Regarding serum enzyme assays, the presence of hemolyzed red cells is significant for what reason?
• Ion-exchange chromatography separates solutes in a sample based on
• How is the majority of reverse T3 produced?
• In the kinetic Jaffe method for quantifying serum creatinine, which filtrate is used in the analysis?
• Coomassie Brilliant Blue is used in which type of protein measurement approach?
• Thin-layer chromatography stationary phase is described as being on which medium?
• Which of the following may be a sampling source of error for an automated instrument?
• For accurate lactate determinations in plasma, which anticoagulant combination is preferred?
• When measuring CK-MB, which of the following would provide the most sensitive method?
• During chemotherapy for leukemia, which analyte would most likely be elevated in the blood?
• Which of the following is an example of a long-acting barbiturate?
• Which of the following blood gas parameters are measured directly by the blood gas analyzer electrochemically as opposed to being calculated by the instrument?
• What collective term encompasses the reduction products stercobilinogen, urobilinogen, and mesobilirubinogen?
• Which of the following would be an example of ectopic hormone production?
• Which acute-phase reactant inhibits enzymatic proteolysis and has the highest concentration among plasma protease inhibitors?
• In addition to performing hemoglobin electrophoresis, a solubility test may be performed to detect the presence of what hemoglobin?
• Which of the following is a commonly encountered xanthine that could potentially interfere with the determination of theophylline?
• Which of the following analytes would not commonly be measured when monitoring complications of diabetes mellitus?
• Which observation best reflects the risk associated with a low HDL cholesterol in the context of a high total cholesterol?
• In the LDH-catalyzed reaction, lactate is converted to which product?
• Which test is a qualitative screening test for porphobilinogen?
• Which xanthine is known to interfere with theophylline measurement due to its content?
• Which finding is not typical of magnesium deficiency tetany?
• Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is characterized by elevated blood levels of which peptide?
• In spectrophotometry, which expression correctly relates absorbance to transmittance when %T is used?
• In the creatinine clearance calculation example, the calculated clearance was approximately which value in mL/min?
• Which lipid parameter from this case is the most markedly elevated above the normal reference range?
• Not characteristic of multiple myeloma?
• The measurement of oxygen in blood by means of a PO2 electrode involves which of the following?
• Which hemoglobin may be differentiated from other hemoglobins on the basis of its resistance to denature in alkaline solution?
• An individual has a plasma glucose level of 110 mg/dL. What would be the approximate glucose concentration in this patient’s cerebrospinal fluid?
• Elevated homocysteine levels have been associated with increased risk for coronary heart disease. Which marker sits highest among these options for risk assessment?
• What is the specimen of choice for analysis of acid-base disturbances involving pulmonary dysfunction in an adult?
• Which data point indicates low protective lipoprotein status in this patient?
• Which disorder is best characterized by laboratory findings of increased serum inorganic phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, uric acid, urea, and creatinine, with decreased serum calcium and erythropoietin?
• Which immunoglobulin class has a secretory component and is found in saliva, tears, and body secretions?
• A fluoride-preserved sample used for glucose testing is requested to be used for BUN testing on an automated analyzer using the urease method. How should you respond?
• Which glycoprotein binds with hemoglobin to facilitate removal by the reticuloendothelial system?
• Which of the following glucose methods should not be used during the administration of an oral xylose absorption test?
• In the presented patient case, which lipid parameter is most commonly used to assess risk for coronary artery disease?
• Which hormone is a steroid that binds to intracellular receptors to exert its effects?
• Which assay technique can quantify apolipoproteins?
• Which statement correctly describes the rationale for the US total cholesterol reference interval as discussed in the material?
• When holes appear in the staining pattern during electrophoresis, what is the probable cause?
• What is the best biochemical marker to measure to assess the risk of delivering prematurely?
• The enzyme activity measured in EMIT reflects the reaction involving which form of antigen?
• In bichromatic analysis, which statement is false?
• The adrenal medulla secretes which of the following in the greatest quantity?
• In the creatinine clearance calculation example, the urine creatinine concentration was which value?
• Which of the following is not a reagent required in an enzymatic serum glucose method?
• What initiates the production of singlet oxygen at the sensitizer surface in luminescent oxygen channeling immunoassay?
• Which of the following is not the reason that preventive maintenance schedules are required?
• If a blood gas specimen is sealed and left at room temperature for two hours or more, which changes are expected?
• Most atomic absorption spectrophotometers incorporate a beam chopper and a tuned amplifier. The purpose of these components is to avoid errors that would be caused by
• Which enzyme is more closely associated with muscle tissue than with liver tissue?
• Levels of carboxyhemoglobin around 8-9% are commonly found in which situation?
• Which disorder is not associated with an elevated protein level in cerebrospinal fluid?
• Which of the following is not a type of support media used for serum protein electrophoresis?
• Into which electrophoretic fraction do the five immunoglobulin classes migrate?
• Which of the following statements concerning creatine kinase is false?
• Once synthesized, thyroid hormones are stored as part of thyroglobulin in which area of the thyroid gland?
• Identification of which of the following is useful in the early stages of glomerular dysfunction?
• Express 30 mg/dL of urea nitrogen as urea.
• Bioluminescence is defined as light emission produced due to which process?
• Schilling test is used to evaluate the absorption of which vitamin?
• Cholesterol ester formation involves esterification of cholesterol with which substance?
• Which test is used to assess fetal lung maturity using a ratio involving surfactant and albumin?
• Which statement is NOT descriptive of a photomultiplier tube?
• In the Berthelot reaction, which contaminant will cause the urea level to be falsely elevated?
• A fluoride tube sample collected for glucose is also requested to be used for BUN determination via the urease method on an automated analyzer. What should you tell the physician?
• ABG showing pH 7.29, PCO2 50, HCO3- 25 indicates:
• Which of the following enzymes does not belong to the hydrolase class?
• Creatine kinase is found predominantly in which tissues?
• In the early stage of hepatic dysfunction due to viral hepatitis, which bilirubin fraction is elevated?
• Free drug levels can generally be determined by analyzing what body fluid?
• Which chromatography system uses silica gel stationary phase on a piece of glass and a moving phase of liquid?
• What is the standard relationship between absorbance and transmittance in Beer-Lambert law?
• Which lamp provides a continuous spectrum of radiant energy across the visible, near-infrared, and near-ultraviolet regions?
• In primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison disease), what would be the expected cortisol level following ACTH stimulation?
• Which drug commonly used as an immunosuppressant is especially noted for liver transplant patients?
• A typical lipid profile includes total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, and which additional marker?
• Which statement correctly contrasts bioluminescence and chemiluminescence?
• Which copper transport protein migrates as an alpha2-globulin?
• Which of the following methods allows for the separation of charged particles based on their rates of migration in an electric field?
• Which lipid pattern is most characteristic of secondary hyperlipidemia due to diabetes in a child?
• How does the normal population reference interval for total cholesterol in America differ from many other clinical chemistry parameters?
• Which of the following is an anionic dye that binds selectively with albumin?
• A total cholesterol to HDL ratio of 10.0 indicates which level of coronary heart disease risk?
• In zero-order kinetics, increasing substrate concentration has what effect on the rate?
• In the creatinine clearance calculation example, the 24-hour urine volume was which value?
• In the United States, most cases of scurvy occur in children between the ages of 7 months to 2 years. Scurvy is a deficiency of which vitamin?
• Which statement correctly describes enzymes?
• Which reagent system contains sulfanilic acid, hydrochloric acid, and sodium nitrite?
• In the plasma, an excess in the concentration of bicarbonate without a change in PCO2 from normal will result in what physiological state?
• The term "lipid" encompasses a wide variety of compounds characterized as being insoluble in water but soluble in nonpolar solvents. Which of the following vitamins is not classified as fat soluble?
• In the diazo bilirubin assay, which complex indicates the presence of bilirubin?
• Using Na 143 mmol/L, K 4.9 mmol/L, Cl 105 mmol/L, HCO3 25 mmol/L, the anion gap when potassium is included is approximately:
• Which result is least consistent with a diagnosis of viral hepatitis?
• Which disorder is not characterized by an elevated serum myoglobin?
• Which tissue is important in vitamin D metabolism?
• Which globin chains compose hemoglobin A1?
• Which enzyme participates in the uric acid reaction used for quantification in the ultraviolet method?
• Which antiarrhythmic drug has a metabolite with the same pharmacologic action?
• In the urea method, which anticoagulant inhibits urease action?
• An epileptic patient receiving phenytoin develops acute glomerulonephritis. What change, if any, would be expected in the patient's circulating drug level?
• Which reagent can be used to measure protein in cerebrospinal fluid?
• Excessive vomiting causes which acid-base disturbance?
• Which of the following drugs is used as a bronchodilator?
• The components used in the plasma osmolality estimation formula are which of the following combinations?
• For assessing carcinoma of the prostate, quantification of PSA has virtually replaced the measurement of which enzyme?
• In more advanced breast cancer, which markers are elevated?
• Which statement is not associated with human chorionic gonadotropin?
• Bicarbonate leaving RBCs to plasma is exchanged with which anion to maintain electroneutrality?
• What percentage decrease in plasma or urinary estriol, in comparison with the previous day's level, is considered significant during pregnancy?
• In a laboratory using a precipitation method to separate HDL, a lipemic specimen yields a slightly cloudy supernatant after processing. What is the recommended course of action?
• Which plasma protein is NOT produced by the liver?
• Menaquinone is another name for which vitamin?
• In general, ion-selective electrode measurements rely on which physical quantity to determine analyte concentration?
• In hereditary hemochromatosis, transferrin saturation is typically which?
• In enzyme assays, zero-order kinetics are best described by which statement?
• Which statement about a photomultiplier tube is false?
• The diagnostic marker for 21-hydroxylase deficiency in congenital adrenal hyperplasia is elevated which substance?
• In a patient suspected of biliary obstruction, which laboratory result is least consistent with the diagnosis?
• In gestational diabetes screening, after a 50 g glucose load with 1-hour glucose of 150 mg/dL, what is the indicated next step?
• Which of the following does not need to be done when collecting, handling, and using a specimen for ammonia analysis?
• When do the highest levels of gonadotropins occur?
• Which enzyme is commonly measured to evaluate pancreatic inflammation?
• Acetaminophen is particularly toxic to which organ?
• If bicarbonate increases with no change in PCO2, the patient is most likely experiencing which acid-base state?
• The quantification of HDL cholesterol is significant in the risk assessment of which disease?
• In atomic absorption spectrophotometry, which radiation source provides the light that is absorbed by the analyte in the flame?
• To ensure accuracy in lipid testing, approximately how long should a patient fast before blood collection?
• CA125 is elevated in which cancer type?
• A 55-year-old man with bone pain and signs suggesting a bone-related disorder has a markedly increased alkaline phosphatase with a normal gamma-glutamyltransferase. Which diagnosis is most likely?
• Hydrolysis of sucrose yields fructose and glucose. Which of the following best describes the products of sucrose hydrolysis?
• Reverse T3 is most commonly produced by deiodination of T4 in peripheral tissues. Which molecule is the precursor?
• Which method yields reliable quantification of ethanol in the presence of isopropanol?
• Which compound is useful in diagnosing steatorrhea?
• In metabolic acidosis, the serum potassium concentration tends to:
• Which statement regarding puberty and drug metabolism is true?
• Which compound may be detected by observing its orange-red fluorescence in acid solution?
• Which parameter is used in mass spectrometry to identify a compound?
• Which instrument has a sample-introduction system, solvent-delivery system, column, and detector as components?
• What is the main extracellular fluid anion?
• To design a new method to measure enzyme activity using zero-order kinetics, which substrate concentration should you initially determine experimentally?
• Which effect is produced by increased parathyroid hormone secretion?
• Hemoglobin S is an abnormal hemoglobin that is characterized by a substitution of which amino acid?
• The measurement of the pressure of dissolved CO2 (PCO2) in the blood is most closely associated with the concentration of which substance?
• Which device isolates light within a narrow region of the spectrum?
• ABG pattern with pH 7.49, PCO2 59, HCO3- 25 indicates:
• Which enzyme is used to hydrolyze triglycerides in kinetic enzymatic applications?
• Estriol is produced in the placenta from a fetal precursor called 16α-Hydroxy-DHEA-S formed in the _____.
• Pernicious anemia is associated with deficiency of which vitamin?
• Which statement about creatinine and kidney function testing is supported by the material?
• Which instrument is used in clinical laboratories to detect beta and gamma emissions?
• A 30-year-old woman presents with features of Cushing syndrome and the following lab pattern: urinary free cortisol increased, serum cortisol (8 A.M.) increased, plasma ACTH decreased, dexamethasone suppression test shows no suppression with overnight low dose and no suppression with high dose. What is the most probable diagnosis?
• Which vitamin is a constituent of two redox coenzymes?
• At pH 8.6 in serum protein electrophoresis, what is true about the proteins?
• Which antiarrhythmic drug has a metabolite with the same action?
• Which enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of triglycerides in standard analytical methods?
• Which hormone initiates its response by binding to cytoplasmic receptors?
• The basis for the freezing point osmometer is which statement?
• Which of the following is not associated with silver stains?
• Which of the following classes of compounds has a sedative effect and as such is used to treat anxiety?
• Which statement is not associated with growth hormone?
• Maintaining a pH of 7.4 requires which approximate ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid?
• The beta-lipoprotein fraction consists primarily of which lipid?
• What is the major mineralocorticoid?
• For reliable lipid test results, when are blood specimens best drawn?
• In a lipase assay using olive oil emulsion, what change indicates lipase activity?
• Mercury covered by a layer of mercurous chloride in contact with saturated potassium chloride solution is a description of which of the following types of electrodes?
• Which statement best describes the purpose of the anion gap in clinical chemistry?
• Which method utilizes urease and glutamate dehydrogenase for the quantification of serum urea?
• Which of the following is a cause of metabolic alkalosis?
• Using the data: Na+ 143 mmol/L; K+ 4.9 mmol/L; Cl- 105 mmol/L; HCO3- 25 mmol/L, which statement is false?
• Which assay does not rely on a limited-binding macromolecule principle?
• Capillary electrophoresis relies on which phenomenon to move liquid through the capillary?
• An increased serum level of which of the following analytes is most commonly associated with decreased glomerular filtration?
• Which of the following is not quantified using an immunoassay method?
• The Jaffe reaction is used to measure which analyte?
• A 26-week pregnant patient has a 50-g oral glucose challenge with 1-hour glucose of 150 mg/dL. What is the appropriate next step?
• Which electrolyte disturbance is commonly associated with increased aldosterone activity due to renin-angiotensin stimulation?
• Which of the following disorders is not associated with an elevated blood ammonia level?
• Which of the following does not properly describe type 1 diabetes mellitus?
• In the exam scenario with discordant ABG values (pH 7.58, PCO2 55, HCO3- 18), what is the most likely conclusion?
• As part of a routine physical, a fasting plasma glucose is performed on a 45-year-old male and the test result is 105 mg/dL. How should this individual be classified?
• The following statement best describes the relationship used in plasma osmolality estimation: which components are typically included?
• What is the function of the flame in atomic absorption spectroscopy?
• Which specimen type is most appropriate for detecting lead exposure via standard toxicology testing?
• In what form is glucose stored in muscle and liver?
• Which of the following characterizes respiratory acidosis?
• When performing electrophoresis at pH 8.6, which hemoglobin molecule migrates the fastest on cellulose acetate toward the anode?
• Cyanocobalamin is another name for which vitamin?
• What does the concentration of urinary free cortisol mainly reflect?
• What may be the cause of neonatal physiological jaundice of the hepatic type?
• What term describes a congenital disorder characterized by a split in the albumin band on serum electrophoresis?
• A deficiency in which compound leads to increased clotting time and may cause hemorrhagic disease in infancy?
• Which finding is not characteristic of cystic fibrosis?
• Which of the following is a homogeneous immunoassay where separation of the bound from the free labeled species is not required?
• What is the recommended name for diphenylhydantoin?
• Which lipid profile result would indicate the highest risk for coronary heart disease?
• What abbreviation has been used in the past to designate alanine aminotransferase?
• Ceruloplasmin has a high-affinity binding to which metal?
• To aid in diagnosing skeletal muscle disease, which serum enzyme measurement is most useful?
• Which technique is used to quantify specific immunoglobulin classes?
• 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) is the primary metabolite of which neurotransmitter?
• Secretion of anterior pituitary hormones is influenced by hormones from which organ?
• What compound comprises the majority of the nonprotein-nitrogen fractions in serum?
• In primary hyperparathyroidism, which pattern is typically observed for serum calcium and phosphate?
• Which of the following is not a component of the total anion content of serum?
• During the second trimester of pregnancy, which hormone shows a decrease in level?
• Which statement correctly expresses the bicarbonate calculation from total CO2 and PCO2?
• If a fresh urine sample cannot be assayed for creatinine, to what pH should the urine be adjusted?
• What is the reference interval for fasting serum glucose in an adult expressed in SI units (International System of Units)?
• NAPA is the active metabolite of which antiarrhythmic drug?
• Given PCO2 = 44 mm Hg and Total CO2 = 29 mmol/L, the blood pH is most likely:
• Secondary hyperparathyroidism is commonly associated with which condition?
• In the hexokinase-based glucose assay, which products are formed?
• What would an individual with Cushing syndrome tend to exhibit?
• Direct bilirubin is best described as which of the following statements?
• The term lipid storage diseases are caused by what?
• Which pigment is produced in the colon from microbial oxidation of bilirubinogen?
• ABG showing pH 7.58, PCO2 55, HCO3- 18 indicates:
• Using the provided data for an average-size adult, the creatinine clearance is calculated to be approximately:
• Which factor is most likely to cause deviation from the Beer-Lambert law in spectrophotometry?
• Which protein serves as a marker elevated in hepatocellular carcinoma?
• In potentiometry, which of the following is considered the standard electrode?
• Crigler-Najjar syndrome is best described by which statement?
• What primarily determines the migration of hemoglobin during electrophoresis?
• Which of the following has an effect on plasma calcium levels?
• Which diagnostic test is used to evaluate suspected hypoglycemia by prolonged fasting?
• In EMIT, the labeled reactant is typically which component?
• Which protein plays a key role as a major copper transport molecule and migrates with the alpha2 globulins?
• Which dye may be used for staining protein bands after electrophoresis?
• In fluorescence polarization, which observation is true regarding molecular size and polarization?
• Pattern of alkaline phosphatase elevation with gamma-glutamyltransferase elevation is most consistent with intrahepatic cholestasis. Which choice reflects this pattern?
• Heroin is synthesized from what drug?
• Which pattern describes Graves disease in terms of FT4 and TSH?
• In the ultraviolet procedure for quantifying uric acid, what does the reaction between uric acid and uricase cause?
• Which of the following techniques is based on electro-osmotic flow?
• Which statement is not associated with the enzyme-multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT)?
• Which estrogen is the most potent and considered the true ovarian hormone?
• The secretion of which substance is controlled by growth hormone?
• On cellulose acetate electrophoresis at pH 8.6, which hemoglobins are most likely indistinguishable due to similar mobilities?
• In which condition would an increased level of serum albumin be expected?
• A 68-year-old male is in an unconscious state after a car crash. Blood tests show elevated enzyme levels that are explained by injuries sustained in the crash rather than a myocardial infarction. Which statement best describes these findings?
• Which of the following statements is not associated with serum cholinesterase?
• In regard to spectrophotometric analysis, what is the purpose of the reagent blank?
• Which hormone does not promote an increase in blood glucose levels?
• Carcinoembryonic antigen is a glycoprotein and is used for monitoring treatment of which cancer?
• When screening urine for toxic concentrations of certain substances, which of the following will not be identified by the Reinsch test?
• Which formula is an expression of the Beer-Lambert law routinely applied to spectrophotometric analysis?
• Which of the following is not associated with hypoglycemia?
• In a healthy individual, which protein fraction has the greatest concentration in serum?
• Which laboratory result is not characteristic of a complete obstruction of the common bile duct?
• Which of the following is not associated with isoelectric focusing?
• With barbital buffer pH 8.6, which protein fraction migrates fastest toward the anode?
• Which enzyme catalyzes the hydration of CO2 to bicarbonate in red blood cells?
• Which of the following is the most common cause of congenital adrenal hyperplasia, diagnosed by the 17α-hydroxyprogesterone assay?
• Of the total serum osmolality, sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate ions normally contribute approximately what percent?
• Which biomarker is elevated in this patient and is used to assess systemic inflammation and cardiovascular risk?
• Which chromatography system is commonly used in conjunction with mass spectrometry?
• In a routine lab for a healthy 10-year-old, a nonfasting specimen shows elevated triglycerides and total cholesterol. What is the most probable explanation?
• Free erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels are useful as a screen for exposure to which metal?
• Lactate dehydrogenase (LD) catalyzes the following reaction: Lactate+ NAD+ (in the presence of LD goes to) -> pyruvate + NADH. As the reaction is written, which of the following techniques can be used to assess LD activity?
• Which unit is the SI unit for fasting glucose expression?
• Which renal process acts as a compensatory mechanism in respiratory acidosis?
• Among a 46-year-old alcoholic with liver damage, which lipid values would you expect to be elevated?
• If TRH is administered and TSH levels remain low, this suggests which disorder?
• Which statement about carbonic anhydrase is true?
• Which statement about cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in acute myocardial infarction is false?
• In adrenal Cushing syndrome due to an adrenal tumor, what is the expected ACTH level?
• Which staining method can detect proteins at nanogram concentrations?
• Creatinine is formed from which precursor?
• In the diazo bilirubin assay used to quantify serum bilirubin, bilirubin forms Azobilirubin by coupling with which reagent?
• Which statement does not apply to gas-liquid chromatography?
• In Reye syndrome, which laboratory finding is typically elevated?
• Dubin-Johnson syndrome is best described by which statement?
• A 53-year-old woman presents with fatigue and pruritus and an enlarged, non-tender liver. Lab results show alkaline phosphatase markedly elevated and gamma-glutamyltransferase markedly elevated. Which diagnosis best fits these findings?
• What endogenous substance may cause a positive interference in the urease/glutamate dehydrogenase assay?
• In Graves disease, which two laboratory values are elevated relative to normal?
• Which chromogen will not produce a colored complex with iron for spectrophotometric measurement?
• In regard to drug distribution patterns, which statement is false?
• Which transferrin saturation is expected in iron-deficiency anemia?
• Gas-liquid chromatography has a stationary phase composed of
• When holes occur due to high protein concentration in electrophoresis, what is the most appropriate adjustment?
• PSA is best described as which type of molecule?
• The sedimentation nomenclature associated with alpha-lipoprotein is which lipoprotein class?
• Which two markers are associated with monitoring advanced breast cancer progression?
• Which enzyme assay uses small oligosaccharides and 4-nitrophenyl-glycoside as substrates?
• As red blood cells disintegrate, which organ is primarily responsible for bilirubin production from hemoglobin?
• Which drug is used as an immunosuppressant in organ transplantation, especially in liver transplants?
• In ion-exchange chromatography, the separation relies on
• Which assay is used to quantify PSA in serum?
• Which metabolic complication is commonly associated with multiple myeloma?
• To maintain acid-base balance, it is necessary that the blood ammonia level be kept within narrow limits. This is accomplished primarily by which of the following?
• Which factor will not adversely affect the accurate quantification of bilirubin in serum?
• Which activity is categorized as function verification?
• Discrete analysis is best described as what?
• Which of the following is not a colligative property of solutions?
• Which of the following statements is false about the electrolyte chloride?
• Which disorder is not a form of hepatic jaundice?
• Which of the following statements may be associated with the activity of insulin?
• ABG with pH 7.25, PCO2 56, HCO3- 16 indicates:
• Which lipid class is involved in forming the myelin sheath around nerves?
• Which statement is true regarding serum enzymes?
• The placenta secretes numerous hormones both protein and steroid. Which of the following hormones is not secreted by the placenta?
• Given sodium 142 mmol/L, glucose 130 mg/dL, and urea nitrogen 18 mg/dL, the calculated plasma osmolality is approximately:
• The Hollander insulin test is used to confirm vagotomy.
• During pregnancy, estriol is synthesized in the placenta from ______ formed in the ______.
• Which total protein method requires copper sulfate, potassium iodide in sodium hydroxide, and potassium sodium tartrate in its reagent system?
• Which reagent is used to determine the concentration of serum inorganic phosphate?
• Growth hormone is also known by which alternate name?
• A serum creatinine of 6.0 mg/dL would most likely be accompanied by which BUN result?
• In which condition is ferritin most likely elevated independent of iron stores?
• Free drug levels are determined by analyzing which sample to reflect the unbound drug concentration?
• Which statement best describes the clinical use of measuring NT-proBNP?
• In the creatinine clearance calculation example, the plasma creatinine concentration was which value?
• Which protein serves as a transport protein for bilirubin in the blood?
• In reflectance spectrophotometry with dry slides, light is typically projected at what angle relative to the detector?
• For determining exposure to lead, which specimen is appropriate?
• Codeine is rapidly metabolized to which compound after absorption?
• To calibrate the pH electrode in a pH/blood gas analyzer, it is necessary that
• What is the term that describes the sum of carbonic acid and bicarbonate in plasma?
• In the lipid profile described for the child, which combination best characterizes the dyslipidemia?
• If a plasma specimen is used instead of serum for serum protein electrophoresis, what extra fraction may appear?
• Bisalbuminemia is detected by which laboratory technique?
• A 4-year-old boy presents with frequent falls and bruising, along with difficulty in running and climbing. Which laboratory result would be inconsistent with the most likely diagnosis?
• Of the following blood glucose levels, which would you expect to result in glucose in the urine?
• Which expression best describes the bilirubin fraction Delta?
• Intrinsic factor is important for the absorption of which vitamin?
• Which of the following methods is not used for quantification of serum bilirubin?
• Which statement accurately describes HbS substitution?
• IgG is the most structurally simple immunoglobulin; how many light chains and heavy chains does it contain, respectively?
• NT-proBNP measurement is specifically used in patients undergoing which therapy?
• A cerebrospinal fluid specimen is sent to the lab at 9:00 P.M. for glucose analysis. The specimen is cloudy and appears to contain red blood cells. Which of the following statements is true?
• Which of the following is characterized by a deficiency of glucose-6-phosphatase resulting in hepatomegaly, lactic acidosis, and severe fasting hypoglycemia?
• In a patient with Cushing syndrome, which metabolic change would you expect?
• Which enzyme catalyzes the conjugation of bilirubin with glucuronic acid?
• Which electrolyte pattern is characteristic of chronic renal failure?
• Which is a low-weight protein found on the cell surfaces of nucleated cells?
• Which of the following is false about ion-selective electrode analysis of sodium?
• The colloid osmotic pressure (COP) osmometer is characterized by which feature?
• Which of the following statements about PSA is false?
• At what level should a 52-year-old male diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus maintain his hemoglobin A1c?
• A 42-year-old man has anorexia, nausea, fever, icterus, and dark urine. Laboratory pattern shows ALT and AST markedly elevated, ALP slightly elevated, GGT slightly elevated, total bilirubin moderately elevated, urine bilirubin positive, and fecal urobilinogen decreased. What is the most likely diagnosis?
• Which set of tests would be the most useful in diagnosing an acute myocardial infarction?
• Which function serves as an inhibiting factor for somatotropin release?
• What is the predominant form of thyroid hormone in the circulation?